（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)北京理算規(guī)則）

為了在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，正確地進(jìn)行共同海損理算，以增強(qiáng)各國(guó)人民的友好關(guān)系，促進(jìn)國(guó)際貿(mào)易與海洋運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)制定本暫行規(guī)則，并設(shè)立海損理算處。

第一條 共同海損的范圍

在海上運(yùn)輸中，船舶和貨物等遭遇自然災(zāi)害、意外事故或其他特殊情況，為了解除共同危險(xiǎn)，采取合理措施所引起的下列特殊損失和合理的額外費(fèi)用，屬于共同海損：

一、為了搶救船舶和貨物等而造成的船、貨等合理?yè)p失。

二、船舶駛?cè)氡茈y港的額外費(fèi)用，在避難港額外停留期間的港口費(fèi)用，以及事后載有原貨物駛出的額外費(fèi)用。

三、船舶由于駛往避難港而延長(zhǎng)航程和在避難港額外停留期間支付的船員工資和給養(yǎng)，以及消耗的燃料和物料的費(fèi)用。

四、救助費(fèi)用、搶卸和重裝貨物等的費(fèi)用以及其他額外費(fèi)用。

由于本航程中的意外事故，為了安全地完成航程必須修理時(shí)，船舶在修理港合理停留期間必須支付的港口費(fèi)用、船員工資和給養(yǎng)、消耗的燃料和物料費(fèi)用，以及由于修理而卸載、重裝和移動(dòng)船上貨物等所引起的費(fèi)用和損失，在當(dāng)前情況下可列入共同海損。

為了節(jié)省原應(yīng)列入共同海損的費(fèi)用而支付的費(fèi)用，可以作為代替費(fèi)用列入共同海損，這些費(fèi)用，除經(jīng)船、貨雙方同意的以外，不得超過(guò)被節(jié)省的費(fèi)用。

除以上三款所列的損失和費(fèi)用外，其他一切間接損失，包括由于遲延所引起的一切損失和費(fèi)用，都不屬于共同海損。

第二條 共同海損理算的原則

進(jìn)行共同海損理算的原則是：在調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上，明確責(zé)任，實(shí)事求是、公平合理地處理各項(xiàng)損失和費(fèi)用的補(bǔ)償和分?jǐn)偂?

提出共同海損理算要求的一方和其他有關(guān)各方，有舉證的責(zé)任，證明其提出的損失或費(fèi)用根據(jù)本規(guī)則的規(guī)定可列入共同海損。

對(duì)作為共同海損提出理算的案件，如果構(gòu)成案件的事故確系運(yùn)輸契約一方不能免責(zé)的過(guò)失所引起，則不進(jìn)行共同海損理算，但可根據(jù)具體情況，通過(guò)協(xié)商另作適當(dāng)處理。

第三條 共同海損損失金額的計(jì)算

船舶、貨物和運(yùn)費(fèi)的共同海損損失金額，按照下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算：

一、船舶的損失金額，按照損失部分實(shí)際支付的合理修理費(fèi)用（包括臨時(shí)性修理費(fèi)用、合理扣減后的換新費(fèi)用）計(jì)算。如果船舶損失部分尚未進(jìn)行修理，則按必要修理的合理估計(jì)費(fèi)用計(jì)算。燃料、物料等損失按實(shí)際價(jià)值計(jì)算。

二、貨物的損失金額，按照損失部分的到岸價(jià)格，減除由于損失無(wú)需支付的運(yùn)費(fèi)。如果遭受損失的殘貨已經(jīng)出售，而受損程度無(wú)法確定，則按該貨物的到岸價(jià)格與出售凈得金額之間的差額計(jì)算。

三、運(yùn)費(fèi)的損失，按照貨物遭受損失而引起的運(yùn)費(fèi)損失金額，減除由于損失無(wú)需支付的營(yíng)運(yùn)費(fèi)用計(jì)算。

第四條 共同海損的分?jǐn)?

共同海損的損失和費(fèi)用，由各受益方根據(jù)各自的分?jǐn)們r(jià)值比例分?jǐn)偂?

分?jǐn)們r(jià)值按照下列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算：

一、船舶分?jǐn)們r(jià)值，按照船舶在航程終止時(shí)的當(dāng)?shù)赝旰脙r(jià)值減除不屬于共同海損的損失金額計(jì)算；或按照船舶在航程終止時(shí)的當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際價(jià)值加上共同海損的損失金額計(jì)算。

二、貨物分?jǐn)們r(jià)值，按照貨物的到岸價(jià)格，減除不屬于共同海損的損失金額和承運(yùn)人承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)費(fèi)計(jì)算。

未經(jīng)申報(bào)的貨物或謊報(bào)的貨物，應(yīng)按實(shí)際價(jià)值參加分?jǐn)偅蝗绻@些貨物遭受損失，不得列入共同海損。

旅客行李和個(gè)人物品，除特殊情況外，不參加共同海損分?jǐn)偂?

三、運(yùn)費(fèi)分?jǐn)們r(jià)值，按照承運(yùn)人承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并于事后收得的運(yùn)費(fèi)，根據(jù)共同海損事故發(fā)生時(shí)尚未完成的航程，作相應(yīng)比例的扣減，加上列入共同海損的運(yùn)費(fèi)損失金額計(jì)算。

第五條 利息和手續(xù)費(fèi)

對(duì)共同海損的損失和費(fèi)用，給予年利百分之七的利息。利息計(jì)算至共同海損理算書(shū)編就之日為止。

對(duì)墊付的共同海損費(fèi)用，除船員工資、給養(yǎng)、燃料、物料外，給予百分之二的手續(xù)費(fèi)。

第六條 共同海損擔(dān)保

為了保證分?jǐn)偣餐p，經(jīng)有關(guān)方的要求，各分?jǐn)偡綉?yīng)提供共同海損擔(dān)保。共同海損擔(dān)保，可以提供可靠的擔(dān)保函，也可以提供保證金。如果提供保證金，除各有關(guān)方另有協(xié)議者外，應(yīng)交由理算處以保管人的名義存入銀行。保證金的使用，由理算處決定。保證金的提供、使用或退還，不影響各分?jǐn)偡降淖罱K分?jǐn)傌?zé)任。

第七條 共同海損時(shí)限

為了維護(hù)各有關(guān)方的利益，盡快完成共同海損案件的理算，各有關(guān)方在共同海損事故發(fā)生后應(yīng)及時(shí)辦理必要的事項(xiàng)，并按照下列期限宣布共同海損和向理算處提供有關(guān)材料：

一、宣布共同海損：船舶在海上發(fā)生事故，不遲于到達(dá)第一個(gè)港口后的四十八小時(shí)；船舶在港內(nèi)發(fā)生事故，不遲于事故發(fā)生后的四十八小時(shí)。

二、提供有關(guān)材料：有關(guān)共同海損事故和損失的證明材料，在有關(guān)方收到后一個(gè)月以?xún)?nèi)，但全部材料不遲于航程結(jié)束后一年。

如有特殊情況，在上述期限內(nèi)向理算處提出理由，經(jīng)理算處同意，可以適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)。

如果有關(guān)方不按上述規(guī)定辦理，理算處可以根據(jù)情況，不予理算；或根據(jù)已有材料進(jìn)行理算。

第八條 共同海損理算的簡(jiǎn)化

為了減輕各有關(guān)方的負(fù)擔(dān)，提高工作效率，共同海損理算應(yīng)盡量簡(jiǎn)化，避免繁瑣的手續(xù)和計(jì)算；理算書(shū)應(yīng)力求簡(jiǎn)明扼要，便于執(zhí)行。

對(duì)于案情簡(jiǎn)單的案件，可以作簡(jiǎn)易理算。

對(duì)于共同海損金額較小的案件，經(jīng)征得主要有關(guān)方的同意，可以不進(jìn)行理算。

INTERIM RULES FOR GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHINA COUNCIL FPROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE (KNOWN AS BEIJING RULES FORADJUSTMENT, FOR SHORT)

Important Notice: (注意事項(xiàng))

英文本源自中華人民共和國(guó)務(wù)院法制局編譯, 中國(guó)法制出版社出版《中華人民共和國(guó)涉外法規(guī)匯編》(1991年7月版). 當(dāng)發(fā)生歧意時(shí), 應(yīng)以法律法規(guī)頒布單位發(fā)布的中文原文為準(zhǔn).

This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)

which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State

Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China

Legal System Publishing House.

In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法規(guī)全文)

INTERIM RULES FOR GENERAL AVERAGE ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHINA COUNCIL FOR THE

PROMOTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE KNOWN AS BEIJING RULES FOR

ADJUSTMENT, FOR SHORT

(Promulgated on January 1, 1975)

With a view to dealing properly with general average adjustment on the

basis of equality and mutual benefit so as to enhance friendly relations

among peoples of different countries and promote the development of

international trade and marine transport, the China Council for the

Promotion of International Trade has formulated the present Interim Rules

and set up the Department for Average Adjustment.

Article 1 Scope of general average.

The following extraordinary loss of damage and reasonable extra expenses

arising from measures properly taken for relieving a ship, cargo, etc.

from common danger caused by natural calamities, accidents and/or other

extraordinary circumstances in marine transport shall fall within the

scope of general average:

1. loss of damage reasonably caused to the ship, cargo, etc. for rescuing

the same from danger;

2. extra expenses incurred by the ship for entering a port of refuge, port

charges incurred during the extra period of the ship's staying in a port

of refuge and extra expenses for the ship's leaving the port of refuge

subsequently with her original cargo;

3. crew's wages and maintenance incurred as well as fuel and stores

consumed during the prolongation of the voyage occasioned by the ship

proceeding to a port of refuge and during the extra period of the ship's

stay in a port of refuge;

4. salvage expenses, expenses for forced discharge and reloading of the

cargo, etc. and other extra expenses.

Where the ship needs repairs for the safe completion of the voyage in

consequence of damage caused by an accident during the voyage, the port

charges, crew's wages and maintenance and fuel and stores necessarily

incurred or consumed during the reasonable period of detention of the ship

in the port of repair, as well as the expenses and loss or damage arising

from such discharging, reloading and handling on board of the cargo, etc.

as are required for the repairs, may under the present circumstances be

admitted as general average.

Where any expense is incurred to save another expense which would have

been admissible in general average, such expense may be allowed in general

average as a substituted expenses. Unless otherwise agreed upon by and

between the ship and cargo interests, the amount so allowable shall not

exceed the amount of the expense saved. With the exception of loss or

damage and expenses referred to in the above three paragraphs, any other

indirect loss, including loss or damage and expenses through delay, shall

not fall within the scope of general average.

Article 2 Principle of adjusting general average.

The principle of general average adjustment is the ascertainment of

liability on the basis of investigation and study and dealing with the

compensation for and contribution to various losses and expenses fairly,

reasonably and in a truth-seeking way.

The onus of proof shall be upon the party applying for general average

adjustment as well as the other parties concerned to show that their

respective loss or damage and expenses claimed for are allowable as

general average according to the provisions of the Rules.

If the event giving rise to a claim submitted for adjustment as general

average is due to a fault of one of the parties to the contract of

affreightment, for which he is not entitled to exemption from liability,

no general average adjustment shall be proceeded with, but the case may be

otherwise appropriately dealt with through consultation according to the

circumstances involved.

Article 3 Computation of amount of general average loss or damage.

The amount to be admitted as general average for loss or damage to the

ship, cargo and freight shall be computed on the following basis:

1. The amount allowable for loss or damage to the ship shall be computed

in accordance with the actual reasonable cost of repairing such damage,

including cost of temporary repairs and of replacements subject to

reasonable deductions in respect of "wear and tear" Where no repairs have

been effected, computation shall be made in accordance with the reasonably

estimated cost of necessary repairs. The amount allowable for loss of or

damage to fuel and stores, etc. shall be computed on the basis of their

actual values.

2. The amount allowable for loss of or damage to the cargo shall be

computed on the basis of the CIF value, less the freight which would have

been incurred but for such loss or damage. Where the cargo so damaged is

sold and it is impossible to ascertain the extent of the damage, the

amount shall be computed on the basis of the difference between the CIF

value and the net proceeds of sale.

3. The amount allowable for loss of freight shall be computed on the basis

of the freight lost owing to the loss of, or damage to, the cargo, less

the operating costs of the ship, which would have been incurred but for

such loss of damage.

Article 4 Contribution to general average.

General average loss or damage and expenses shall be contributed to by the

benefited interests in proportion to their respective contributory values.

The contributory value shall be computed on the following basis:

1. The contributory value of the ship shall be computed either in

accordance with the value of the ship in sound condition at the time and

place of the termination of the voyage, less the amount of loss or damage

not allowable in general average, or in accordance with the actual net

value of the ship at the time and place of the termination of the voyage,

plus the amount allowable in general average.

2. The contributory value of the cargo shall be computed on the basis of

the CIF values, less the amount of loss or damage not allowable in general

average and the freight at the risk of the carrier.

Undeclared or falsely declared cargo shall contribute on the actual value,

but loss of or damage to such cargo, if any, shall not be admitted as

general average. Passengers' luggage and personal effects shall not

contribute to general average except under extraordinary circumstances.

3. The contributory value of the freight shall be computed on the basis of

the freight at the risk of the carrier and subsequently earned, subject to

a deduction corresponding to the extent of the voyage still uncompleted at

the time of the accident giving rise to general average, plus the amount

of loss of freight allowable in general average.

Article 5 Interest and commission.

Interest shall be allowed on general average loss or damage and expenses

at the rate of 7% per annum until the date of the completion of the

general average adjustment.

A commission of 2% shall be allowed on general average expenses other than

crew's wages and maintenance and fuel and stores.

Article 6 General average security.

The contributing parties shall, at the request of the parties concerned,

provide a security to ensure the contribution to general average. Such

security may be in the form of a reliable letter of guarantee or a cash

deposit. Where a cash deposit is provided, the same shall be paid into an

account in a bank in the name of the Department for Average Adjustment

unless otherwise agreed upon by and between the parties concerned. Any use

of the cash deposit shall be decided by the Department for Average

Adjustment. The provision, use and refund of the cash deposit shall be

without prejudice to the ultimate liability of the contributing parties.

Article 7 Time limit of general average.

For the purpose of safeguarding the interests of all parties concerned and

completing the adjustment of general average as promptly as possible, all

parties shall, upon the occurrence of the accident giving rise to general

average, do everything necessary in time and declare general average and

provide the Department for Average Adjustment with relevant materials

within the following time limits:

1. Declaration of General Average

Within 48 hours upon the ship's arrival in the first port after the

accident, if it has occurred at sea, or within 48 hours after the

accident, if it has occurred in a port.

2. Provision of relevant materials For documentary evidence pertaining to

the occurrence of general average and general average loss or damage,

within one month after receipt thereof by the claiming party, but all

materials shall in any case be provided within one year of the completion

of the voyage.

In case of extraordinary circumstances the above time limits may be

appropriately extended, provided a reason for extension has been given

within the respective time limits to the Department for Average Adjustment

and its approval obtained. In case of failure to observe the above

stipulations on the part of any of the parties concerned, the Department

for Average Adjustment may either decline to proceed with adjustment or

adjust the case on the basis of the materials in its possession.

Article 8 Simplification of adjustment of general average.

With a view to lightening the burden of all parties concerned and

improving working efficiency, the adjustment of general average shall be

made as simple as possible; unduly complicated procedures and calculations

shall be avoided; adjustment shall be made as clear and concise as

possible and easy to execute.

Summary adjustment may be applied in simple cases.

For cases in which the amount involved is small, adjustment may be

dispensed with if consent has been obtained from the principal parties

concerned.